The Agent Causality Theory Of Free Will - 1540 Words

1. The agent-causality theory of free will is the theory that agents can start new causal chains that are not pre-determined by the events of the immediate or distant past and the physical laws of nature. Chisholm argues that the agent causes free actions, and that actions are self-determined, making them agent-caused. The theory states that we can bundle together all of an individual’s emotions, aspirations, dispositions, personality traits and we can then consider that the person’s character. Then this character has a great deal of influence on an individual’s decision. According to agent causation, there is another key factor: the self. The self stands apart from the individual’s character and it can either go along with the character or resist the character. The relation between an agent and an action cannot be reduced to or fully explained by the usual kind of causation, meaning that our actions are instances of direct causation by an agent. Reid deve lops the theory of Agent Causation. We have the power to initiate new causal chains. Agents have the power to cause something without being the effect of something previously. Reid thinks that we would not be able to formulate the doctrine of causal determinism if it were not for the experience we have of causing our decisions, and thus, this is where the idea of agent causation comes from. According to Reid, the notion of causation that determinism counts on is itself, grounded in our own experience of ourShow MoreRelatedWhat Is Determinism, Libertarianism, And Compatibilism1161 Words   |  5 Pagesmauled over mankind s free will and its connects to moral responsibility. In such discussion they have come up with multiple theories. The three I’ll address today are determinism, libertarianism, and compatibilism; are we products of our past unable to choose another course, or are our actions free from the chain of causality and thus our own? I believe that you can’t ta ke these two questions as black and white. In my opinion compatibilism - which attempts to merge free will and determinism - explainsRead MoreThe Theme of Fatalism in Antigone1032 Words   |  4 PagesTragedies involve a regular person experiencing a reversal in fortune because he or she results in a catharsis arousing fear and pity of the audience. In Greek tragedies, fatalism plays a dominant role in doing so as one is not a free agent because future(in tragedies, reversal of fortune) is predetermined - even if one knows and attempts to avoid it. Antigone is the daughter of the Oedipus and the sister of Polyneices and Eteocles. King Creon passed a royal edict banning anyone from burying disgracedRead MoreDavid Hume s Theory Of Free Will1559 Words   |  7 Pagesconstrained by the laws of nature? David Hume describes The Problem of Free Will as ‘the most contentious question of metaphysics’. Initial exploration into this school of thought gave rise to several philosophical viewpoints supported by modern thinkers. Hard determinism bases its viewpoint on the strict theory of causality, rejecting the idea of free will. On the contrary, Libertarianism opposes this, supporting the concept of free will and denying that a deterministic universe exists. Both of theseRead MoreThe Matrix Of Free Will And Determinism Essay2191 Words   |  9 Pagesto determinism. Determinism is the theory that every event that occurs is caused to occur such that what obtains in the future could not have been different given what has obtain ed in the past. This issue persists throughout the entire trilogy and shapes the development of the characters and the story. The films borrow ideas from various forms of media, including philosophers like Baron Paul Henry d’Holbach, to create a film series that questions the idea of free will and determinism. The films illustrateRead MoreThe View That Determinism Is Not Incompatible With Free Will3559 Words   |  15 Pageswith free will.† In this holding, if determinism were valid, a person still has free will. One of the initial forms of compatibilism is the holding that to be imbued with free will â€Å"is simply for one’s choice to cause one’s actions. Free will is basically doing what one wants; in the example of Hume, free will is basically defined as â€Å"a power of acting or not acting, according to the determinations of the will (Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding 159). Nevertheless, determinism exposes free willRead MoreHuman Beings as Being Genuinely Free Essay781 Words   |  4 PagesHuman Beings as Being Genuinely Free To be able to answer this question successfully we must first understand what is meant by the term genuinely free. By this do we mean to have limitless freedom where each choice is our own or rather freedom within certain boundaries? There are of course many different views which consider the extent of our freedom and what being free really means, ranging from ultimate, unlimited freedom to us having absolutely no freedom. Read MoreThomas Reid versus Roy Baumeister Essay1161 Words   |  5 PagesThe evolution of mankind has seem to have established a complex form of control that is directly connected to popular conceptions of free will. Highly adaptive aspects, designated by self-control and the idea of rational choice are crucial to successfully functioning within a given culture or community. The processes that conceive such forms of free will could be biologically costly and thus used only on occasion. Thus most individuals will tend to be only somewhat not completely rational, disciplinedRead MoreFreedom and responsibility2848 Words   |  12 Pagesthis paper I have discussed the free will of human mind and their freedom in choice of action. It is said that we are responsible for our actions that we do out of our free will, thus I have discussed freedom of human mind and the responsibility that comes to us with the freedom of will. There are some doctrines in philosophy that opposes free will s aying that all our actions are dependent on certain predetermined causes and thus no human is free to exercise his free will. I have written some pointsRead MoreThe Dualists Essay1846 Words   |  8 Pagesmagnitude of different philosophical theories that try to posit our existentiality. Consequently, these theorists try to find the answers to the causality of how the mind and the brain truly interact: Are we our synapses, or are we something more than that? However, one theory that has been of interest to many recent scientists and philosophers alike is one that has been around since its conception by a famous mathematician and philosopher named Rene Descartes. This theory is called substance dualism; andRead MorePhilosophy Midterm Notes Essay examples900 Words   |  4 PagesAquinas-all PKG god. ((((1. Motion. Objects in motion are moved by other objects. Causes must precede effects. No infinite cause/effect chains. There is an entity outside of the natural world which causes the first object to move. God exists 2. Causality. Every event has a cause and no event causes itself. Causes precede effects. No infinite cause/effect chains. Entity that causes the first event. God exists. 3. contingency. Contingent things now exists, so if everything is contingent, there is

Taboo Management Consulting and Policy Prohibiting Women Free Essays

The Taboo of Women in Management International management consulting firm Burns McCallister is listed by Working Mother magazine as one of the top fifty firms in the United States for employment of working mothers and by Working Woman magazine as one of the top ten firms for women. The firm has earned this reputation for several reasons. First, nearly 50% of its partners are women. We will write a custom essay sample on Taboo: Management Consulting and Policy Prohibiting Women or any similar topic only for you Order Now Second, it has a menu of employee benefits that includes such things as flex hours, sabbaticals, family leave, home-based work, and part-time partner-track positions. However, BM recently has been the subject of a series of reports by both the Los Angeles Times and the New York Times that scrutinise its policy on female executives in certain nations. BM has learned, through its years of consulting, that certain countries in which it negotiates for contracts prohibit the use of women in the negotiation process. The cultures of many of these countries do not permit women to speak in a meeting that includes men. Consequently, BM has implemented a policy prohibiting women partners from being assigned these potential account negotiations and later the accounts themselves. Clerical help in the offices can be female, but any contact with client must be through a male partner or account executive. For example, Japan still has a two-track hiring system with only 3% of professional positions open to women. The remainder of the women in the Japanese corporate workforce become office ladies who file, wear uniforms, and serve tea. Dentsu, Inc. a large Japanese ad firm, had a picture of the typical Dentsu â€Å"Working Girl† in its recruiting brochure. Surrounding the photo are comments primarily about her physical appearance: such as (1) her breasts are â€Å"pretty large†; and (2) her bottom is â€Å"rather soft. † In response to criticism regarding BM’s posture, the head of the firm’s New York office has explained: Look, we’re about as progressive a firm as you’ll find. But the reality of international business is that if we try to use women, we can’t get the job. It’s not a policy on all foreign accounts. We’ve just identified certain cultures in which women will not be able to successfully land or work on accounts. This restriction does not interfere with their career track. It does not apply to all countries. The National Organisation for Women (NOW) would like B to apply to all its operations the standards that it employs in the United States. No restrictions are placed on women here, NOW argues, and other cultures should adapt to our standards; we should not change our standards to adapt to their culture. NOW maintains that without such a posture, change can never come about How to cite Taboo: Management Consulting and Policy Prohibiting Women, Papers

Loss Of Innocence Essays (800 words) - English-language Films

Loss Of Innocence The Loss of Innocence Certain childhood experiences are missed out by some people because of mishaps early on in life. Any unfortunate event could cause the loss of innocence and make a child mature before his or her time. This event or experience would cause them to sacrifice their innocence. Many pieces of literature contain the loss of innocence as a theme. Examples of these would be The Scarlet Letter, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, and The Catcher in the Rye. The Scarlet Letter, by Nathaniel Hawthorne, is a novel that shows the theme of the loss of innocence. Although it is not a major theme, it can be used to describe Pearl, the daughter of Hester Prynne. Hester treated Pearl like the sin she committed, adultery, so she grew up like it. Hester pleaded to keep Pearl because ?all that she had was the scarlet letter and her child. She is the living evidence of Hester's crime and she is a part of her mother's shame. The scarlet letter printed on Hester's chest is there to remind everyone of Hester's guilt, which is something Pearl did as well. When Hester and Pearl went to see Governor Bellingham, Hester told them how she felt about her daughter. Sadly, she felt almost the same thing the Puritans did. However she also declared her love for Pearl. ?She is my happiness - she is my torture, none the less. Pearl keeps me here in life! Pearl punishes me too!?. The Puritans thought that this little girl was influenced by the devil. She was a little like the bearer of the truth. None of the other children were allowed around Pearl so she had no friends. She had a lot to handle as a child so this compromised her innocence. Pearl was being punished for her mother's sins and she wasn't accepted as a normal child her age would be. She had too much to bear at a young age. In The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, which was written by Mark Twain, Huck matures quickly because he has to help Jim escape the ill fortune of slavery. He is torn between the values of society and his young, innocent conscience. He is tormented by the thought of turning Jim in and doing what everyone else thinks is right or staying loyal to his new-found companion. He also has to use his intelligence to get down the river and bring Jim to safety. By making these decisions he is no longer a child. He loses innocence and becomes an adult because he doesn't have to make the decisions a child his age normally has to. Their were numerous occasions in The Catcher in the Rye, written by J.D. Salinger, where loss of innocence was used as a theme. The first, was when Holden broke the window when Allie died. Losing his brother was a hard time for him. For him, Allie was the definition of innocence. This was because Allie was a child when he died. He didn't grow to be an adult and become corrupted. Another major time is when he is talking about the children in the Rye field. Them falling off of the edge is their fall from innocence. Holden wanted to save them from losing their innocence, so he wanted to catch them before they fell. He wanted to catch them before they became greedy and careless. In this novel, one is repeatedly reminded of what Holden thinks of everyone but himself. He hated society so much that he would leave school because of it. When asked why he left his previous school he replied, ?One of the biggest reasons I left Elkton Hills was because I was surrounded by phonies. They were coming in through the goddam window.? Holden's parents can also be a factor in his obsession with keeping innocence. They tried to confine him to be like them in their world. That was something he didn't want. To him all adults, including his parents, were corrupted. They were phonies. This was the reason he wanted his sister to say the way she was and the same age she was. Along with his younger brother, Holden's younger sister was the one person

Free Essays on Yes

Anxiety Disorders By: Zebra Anxiety is a normal reaction to a threatening situation and results from an increase in the amount of adrenaline from the sympathetic nervous system. This increased adrenaline speeds the heart and respiration rate, raises blood pressure, and diverts blood flow to the muscles. These physical reactions are appropriate for escaping from danger but when they cause anxiety in many situations throughout the day, they may be detrimental to a normal lifestyle. An anxiety disorder is a disorder where feelings of fear, apprehension, or anxiety are disruptive or cause distortions in behavior, (Coon, 526); they are psychiatric illnesses that are not useful for normal functioning. At times, an underlying illness or disease can cause persistent anxiety. Treatment of the illness or disease will stop the anxiety. Anxiety illnesses affect more than 23 million Americans with about 10 million Americans suffering from the most common, general anxiety disorder . (Harvard, 1). Common anxiety disorders are panic attacks (panic disorder), phobias, and general anxiety disorder (GAD). Panic attacks Panic attacks can begin with a feeling of intense terror followed by physical symptoms of anxiety. A panic attack is characterized by unpredictable attacks of severe anxiety with symptoms not related to any particular situation. (Hale, 1886). The person experiencing the attack may not be aware of the cause. Symptoms include four or more of the following: pounding heart, difficulty breathing, dizziness, chest pain, shaking, sweating, choking, nausea, depersonalization, numbness, fear of dying, flushes, fear of going crazy. Heredity, metabolic factors, hyperventilation, and psychological factors may contribute to anxiety causing panic attacks. (Hale, 1886) Panic disorder tends to run in families with first degree relatives of patients having four to seven times greater risk than the general population. Metabolically, the levels of three... Free Essays on Yes Free Essays on Yes Anxiety Disorders By: Zebra Anxiety is a normal reaction to a threatening situation and results from an increase in the amount of adrenaline from the sympathetic nervous system. This increased adrenaline speeds the heart and respiration rate, raises blood pressure, and diverts blood flow to the muscles. These physical reactions are appropriate for escaping from danger but when they cause anxiety in many situations throughout the day, they may be detrimental to a normal lifestyle. An anxiety disorder is a disorder where feelings of fear, apprehension, or anxiety are disruptive or cause distortions in behavior, (Coon, 526); they are psychiatric illnesses that are not useful for normal functioning. At times, an underlying illness or disease can cause persistent anxiety. Treatment of the illness or disease will stop the anxiety. Anxiety illnesses affect more than 23 million Americans with about 10 million Americans suffering from the most common, general anxiety disorder . (Harvard, 1). Common anxiety disorders are panic attacks (panic disorder), phobias, and general anxiety disorder (GAD). Panic attacks Panic attacks can begin with a feeling of intense terror followed by physical symptoms of anxiety. A panic attack is characterized by unpredictable attacks of severe anxiety with symptoms not related to any particular situation. (Hale, 1886). The person experiencing the attack may not be aware of the cause. Symptoms include four or more of the following: pounding heart, difficulty breathing, dizziness, chest pain, shaking, sweating, choking, nausea, depersonalization, numbness, fear of dying, flushes, fear of going crazy. Heredity, metabolic factors, hyperventilation, and psychological factors may contribute to anxiety causing panic attacks. (Hale, 1886) Panic disorder tends to run in families with first degree relatives of patients having four to seven times greater risk than the general population. Metabolically, the levels of three...

Ticks, Suborder Ixodida

Ticks, Suborder Ixodida The parasitic arachnids we call ticks all belong to the suborder Ixodida. The name Ixodida derives from the Greek word ixÃ… dÄ“s, meaning sticky. All feed on blood, and many are vectors of diseases. Description: Most adult ticks are quite small, the largest reaching about 3mm in length at maturity. But when engorged with blood, an adult tick can easily expand to 10 times its normal size. As adults and nymphs, ticks have four pairs of legs, like all arachnids. Tick larvae have only three pairs of legs. The tick life cycle has four stages: egg, larva, nymph, and adult. The female lays her eggs where the emerging larva is likely to encounter a host for its first blood meal. Once fed, it molts into the nymph stage. The nymph also requires a blood meal, and may go through several instars before reaching adulthood. The adult must feed on blood a final time before producing eggs. Most ticks have a three-host life cycle, with each stage (larva, nymph, and adult) finding and feeding on a different host animal. Some ticks, however, remain on a single host animal for their entire life cycle, feeding repeatedly, and others require two hosts. Classification: Kingdom – Animalia Phylum – ArthropodaClass – ArachnidaOrder – AcariGroup - ParasitiformesSuborder - Ixodida Habitat and Distribution: Worldwide, there are nearly 900 species of ticks known and described. The vast majority (about 700) of these are hard ticks in the family Ixodidae. Approximately 90 species occur in the continental U.S. and Canada. Major Families in the Order: Ixodidae – hard ticks Argasidae – soft ticks Genera and Species of Interest: Both the blacklegged or deer tick (Ixodes scapularis) and the western blacklegged tick (Ixodes pacificus) can transmit the bacterium that causes Lyme disease.Proteins in the saliva of the Rocky Mountain wood tick, Dermacentor andersoni, can cause paralysis in its hosts, which include cattle, horses, dogs, sheep, and humans. Boophilus ticks are parasites of large hoofed mammals, and complete their life cycle on a single host. Amblyomma nuttali holds the record for the largest clutch of eggs produced by a single tick – over 22,000! Sources: Borror and DeLongs Introduction to the Study of Insects, 7th edition, by Charles A. Triplehorn and Norman F. Johnson.Synopsis Of The Described Arachnida Of The World, Texas AM University Entomology Dept. Accessed online December 31, 2013.The Encyclopedia of Entomology, 2nd edition, edited by John L. Capinera.The Distribution of Ticks, Centers for Disease Control. Accessed online December 31, 2013.Order Ixodida – Ticks, Bugguide.net. Accessed online December 31, 2013.Tick Biology, the Tick App, Texas AM University Entomology Dept. Accessed online December 31, 2013.

Acute pancreatitis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Acute pancreatitis - Essay Example The very first assessment involved collecting the patient’s blood sample for testing and the results indicated that she had increased levels of digestive enzymes known as serum amylase. When these enzymes leak out of a malfunctioning pancreas, some is taken up into the blood, where high levels may be detected. As with other inflammatory condition, C-reactive protein (CRP) was also reported to be high. Higher levels of CRP indicate other serious diseases with a poor prognosis. Together with such signs and symptoms as sudden bloated stomach, abdominal pain, and ultrasound, the above increases attested to the presence of gall stones. In addition, a swollen pancreas was an indication that Mrs A was suffering from acute pancreatitis. This essay will define acute pancreatitis; explains its aetiology; its associated pathophysiology; as well as its pertinent epidemiology. It also looks at two interventions (examination of the levels of blood glucose and intravenous paracetamol adminis tration) that were applied in the management of the patient’s condition and gives an appraisal of the care applied towards meeting her needs. Although pancreatitis may be acute or chronic (Smith & Fawcett, 2006), the focus of this paper is on acute pancreatitis. As Smith & Fawcett explain, the pancreas is an elongated, slender organ located at the left upper side of the abdomen. Acute pancreatitis refers to a kind of inflammation that occurs rapidly causing an elevated level of pancreatic enzymes in the blood as well as upper abdominal pain (Zara, 2010). Acute pancreatitis occurs in two types namely necrotizing acute pancreatitis and interstitial pancreatitis, which accounts for eighty percent of all cases of acute pancreatitis (Zara, 2010). Research by the British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG) (2005) indicates that in the United Kingdom, the frequency of acute pancreatitis is getting higher – it ranges from 150-420 cases for every million populations. Acute pancre atitis may result from surgery, drugs, or trauma (Burruss & Holz, 2005). However, alcohol and gallstones bring lead to about eighty per cent of this condition (BSG, 2005). Nevertheless, Sargent (2006) explains that ten percent of acute pancreatitis could be idiopathic, meaning that a diagnostic cause has not been recognized. Ultra sound results on Mrs A confirmed that she had gallstones. Finding out her condition’s underlying root could consequently greatly enhance her condition’s management and it may as well assist in the prevention of more attacks. Even though it is generally agreed that this condition entails an intricate flow of incidents that begin in the acinar cell of the pancreas, it is not clear the way in which the particular method through which acute pancreatitis arises (Madhav et al., 2005). According to Parker (2004), one generally acceptable and common presumption is the fact this condition results from pancreatic acini’s disruption or injury, wh ich allows the seepage of such enzymes from the pancreas as elastase, chymotrypsin as well as trypsin into pancreatic tissue. The seeped enzymes are activated in this tissue, thereby instigating auto digestion as well as acute pancreatitis, as Parker explains (2004). Elastase, trypsin, and lipase activation breaks the cell membranes as well as the tissue down, leading to vascular destruction, haemorrhage, necrosis, as well as oedema (Madhav, et al., 2005). Once this takes place, it leads to an abrupt incisive pain in the upper abdominal region further (Holcomb, 2007). In most cases, the ache spreads out s to the backside and in most cases, it is linked to vomiting along with nausea. The

Persuasive letter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Persuasive letter - Essay Example As well, our budget does not allow for the kind of production that you have presented and so we have therefore decided to go with a different option. Please feel free to resubmit with us again for next year’s event. We found your ideas interesting and if you provide a stronger application with more research prior to the presentation, we would love to consider using your ideas. As well as the research considering city codes and policies, we would like to see more thoroughly organized plans for building the production so that we are reassured that you can provide the production that you are promising. While we loved the illustrations and the ideas, we were unclear as to how the construction was going to be accomplished. While budget is our main concern, we were also concerned that the process that would give us the production had not been fully considered. We would love to see a similar presentation that has been modified to fit within our budget and that has been completed with engineered plans and potential problems with the city researched. Once again, while this year we have chosen to use another company, we were impressed with your presentation and look forward to seeing you participate next year. We were very interested in your ideas. While we have gone a different way, we find that the production you have offered can provide a potential benefit for our marketing purposes should you be able to provide a more thoroughly researched project that satisfies the issues that can arise from such an undertaking. I want to thank you for the meeting we had on Thursday. The presentation that you gave was creative and offered many wonderful ideas. Unfortunately, we will be unable to use your company at this time. The ideas that you presented were innovative and creative, however we are unsure that the city will allow for balloons of that size to occupy the space of the street. As you were unable to provide us with information on the policies of the